Elsevier

Fertility and Sterility

Volume 112, Issue 4, October 2019, Pages 657-662
Fertility and Sterility

Original article
Reproductive endocrinologists are the gatekeepers for male infertility care in North America: results of a North American survey on the referral patterns and characteristics of men presenting to male infertility specialists for infertility investigations

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.06.011Get rights and content
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Objective

To characterize the referral patterns and characteristics of men presenting for infertility evaluation using data obtained from the Andrology Research Consortium.

Design

Standardized male infertility questionnaire.

Setting

Male infertility centers.

Patient(s)

Men presenting for fertility evaluation.

Intervention(s)

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Demographic, infertility history, and referral data.

Result(s)

The questionnaires were completed by 4,287 men, with a mean male age of 40 years ± 7.4 years and female partners age of 37 years ± 4.9 years. Most were Caucasian (54%) with other races being less commonly represented (Asian 18.6%, and African American 5.5%). The majority (59.7%) were referred by a reproductive gynecologist, 19.4% were referred by their primary care physician, 4.2% were self-referred, and 621 (14.5%) were referred by “other.” Before the male infertility investigation, 12.1% of couples had undergone intrauterine insemination, and 4.9% of couples had undergone in vitro fertilization (up to six cycles). Among the male participants, 0.9% reported using finasteride (5α-reductase inhibitor) at a dose used for androgenic alopecia, and 1.6% reported exogenous testosterone use.

Conclusion(s)

This broad North American patient survey shows that reproductive gynecologists are the de facto gateway for most male infertility referrals, with most men being assessed in the male infertility service being referred by reproductive endocrinologists. Some of the couples with apparent male factor infertility are treated with assisted reproductive technologies before a male factor investigation. The survey also identified potentially reversible causes for the male infertility including lifestyle factors such as testosterone and 5α-reductase inhibitor use.

Los endocrinólogos reproductivos son los guardianes del cuidado de la infertilidad masculina en América del Norte: resultados de una encuesta norteamericana sobre los patrones de referencia y características de hombres que se presentan al especialista en infertilidad masculina para investigaciones de infertilidad

Objetivo

Caracterizar los patrones de referencia y las características de los hombres que se presentan para evaluación de la infertilidad utilizando datos obtenidos de El Consorcio de Investigación Andrológica.

Diseño

Cuestionario estandarizado de infertilidad masculina.

Lugar

Centros de infertilidad masculina.

Paciente (s)

Hombres que se presentan para evaluación de fertilidad.

Intervención (es)

No aplicable.

Medida (s) principal (es) de resultado

Datos demográficos, antecedentes de infertilidad y datos de referencia.

Resultado (s)

Los cuestionarios fueron completados por 4,287 hombres, con una edad media masculina de 40 años ± 7,4 años y edad de parejas femeninas de 37 años ± 4.9 años. La mayoría eran caucásicos (54%) junto con otras razas menos representadas (Asiáticos 18.6% y Afroamericanos 5,5%). La mayoría (59.7%) fueron referidos por un ginecólogo reproductivo, el 19.4% fueron referidos por su médico de atención primaria, 4.2% fueron referidos por sí mismos, y 621 (14.5%) fueron referidos por "otro". Antes de la investigación de infertilidad masculina, el 12.1% de las parejas se habían sometido a inseminación intrauterina, y el 4.9% de las parejas se habían sometido a fertilización in vitro (hasta seis ciclos). Entre los hombres participantes, el 0.9% informó haber usado finasterida (inhibidor de la 5a-reductasa) a una dosis utilizada para la alopecia androgénica, y el 1.6% informó el uso de testosterona exógena.

Conclusión (es)

Esta amplia encuesta de pacientes en América del Norte muestra que los ginecólogos reproductivos son la puerta de entrada de facto para la mayoría de las referencias de infertilidad masculina, donde la mayoría de hombres que están siendo evaluados en el servicio de infertilidad masculina han sido referidos por endocrinólogos reproductivos. Algunas de las parejas con aparente infertilidad por factor masculino son tratadas con tecnologías de reproducción asistida antes de realizar una investigación del factor masculino. La encuesta también identificó causas potencialmente reversibles para la infertilidad masculina, incluidos factores de estilo de vida como el uso de testosterona y del inhibidor de la 5a-reductasa.

Key Words

Database
male infertility
intrauterine insemination
in vitro fertilization
testosterone

Cited by (0)

M.K.S. has nothing to disclose. J.F.S. has nothing to disclose. K.C.L. is a past president of Society for the Study of Male Reproduction and is on the board of directors. J.M.H. owns equity in the following start-up companies unrelated to the submitted work: Stream Dx, Nanonc, and Andro360. S.L. has nothing to disclose. E.D.G. has nothing to disclose. J.C.T. has nothing to disclose. T.J.W. has nothing to disclose. P.N.K. has nothing to disclose. V.D.W.C. has nothing to disclose. A.S.Z. is a shareholder of YAD Tech Neutraceuticals. A.S. has received personal fees from Endo Pharmaceuticals, MD Concepts, and Tims Medical outside the submitted work. M.A.F. has nothing to disclose. T.D. has nothing to disclose. S.I.Z. has nothing to disclose. E.F.F. has nothing to disclose. J.C.H. has nothing to disclose. J.I.S. has nothing to disclose. R.E.B. has nothing to disclose. J.M.D. has received grants from Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan outside the submitted work. M.G. has nothing to disclose. E.Y.K. has nothing to disclose. T.-C.M.H. has nothing to disclose. J.M.B. has nothing to disclose. D.S. is on the board of directors of the Society for the Study of Male Reproduction. A.K.N. has nothing to disclose. K.A.J. has nothing to disclose.

Supported by Society for the Study of Male Reproduction and self-funding by the authors.